Radiology Information System KPIs & Reporting

KPI Summary

Note: prior_auth_requests, staff_schedule, and integration_message_log are assumed to be shared/RCM or integration tables; RIS consumes them for analytics.

KPI Definitions

KPI-RIS-001: Report Turnaround Time (TAT) — Routine

Definition

Average time from exam completion to final report signature for Routine-priority exams. Measures reporting efficiency and service level for non-urgent imaging.

Calculation Formula

SELECT
    AVG(EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM (r.final_sign_datetime - e.exam_end_time))) / 3600.0
        AS tat_hours
FROM radiology_reports r
JOIN radiology_exams e
    ON r.exam_id = e.exam_id
JOIN radiology_orders o
    ON r.order_id = o.order_id
WHERE
    r.report_status = 'Final'
    AND o.priority = 'Routine'
    AND e.exam_end_time IS NOT NULL
    AND r.final_sign_datetime IS NOT NULL
    AND e.exam_end_time >= :start_datetime
    AND e.exam_end_time < :end_datetime;

• Output: average TAT in hours for the selected period.

Target / Benchmark

Data Source

• radiology_reports.final_sign_datetime, radiology_reports.report_status
• radiology_exams.exam_end_time
• radiology_orders.priority

Dimensions / Filters

• Time: day, week, month, quarter, year
• Facility (facility_id from radiology_orders)
• Department (department_id from radiology_orders)
• Modality type (radiology_exams.modality_type or via modality_resources)
• Radiologist (radiology_reports.radiologist_id)
• Patient type (inpatient/outpatient/ED via encounters.encounter_type)
• Payer (payers via encounter/insurance linkage)

Visualization

• Line chart: monthly average TAT (hours) with SLA line at 24 hours.
• Box-and-whisker: distribution of TAT by modality (CT/MR/US/XR).

Alert Thresholds

• Warning: average TAT > 20 hours for any facility/modality for 3 consecutive days.
• Critical: average TAT > 24 hours for any facility/modality on any day.
• Notification recipients:
• Warning: Lead Technologist, Chief Radiologist.
• Critical: Radiology Department Head, Quality & Patient Safety, CIO (if persistent > 3 days).

KPI-RIS-002: Report Turnaround Time (TAT) — STAT

Definition

Average time from exam completion to preliminary report signature for STAT-priority exams. Reflects responsiveness for urgent/emergency imaging.

Calculation Formula

SELECT
    AVG(EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM (r.preliminary_sign_datetime - e.exam_end_time))) / 60.0
        AS tat_minutes
FROM radiology_reports r
JOIN radiology_exams e
    ON r.exam_id = e.exam_id
JOIN radiology_orders o
    ON r.order_id = o.order_id
WHERE
    o.priority = 'STAT'
    AND e.exam_end_time IS NOT NULL
    AND r.preliminary_sign_datetime IS NOT NULL
    AND e.exam_end_time >= :start_datetime
    AND e.exam_end_time < :end_datetime;

• Output: average TAT in minutes.

Target / Benchmark

Data Source

• radiology_reports.preliminary_sign_datetime
• radiology_exams.exam_end_time
• radiology_orders.priority

Dimensions / Filters

• Time: hourly, daily, weekly
• Facility, department
• Modality type
• Radiologist
• Location (ED vs inpatient vs outpatient)

Visualization

• Line chart: hourly/shift-based STAT TAT (minutes).
• Bar chart: average STAT TAT by modality and by radiologist.

Alert Thresholds

• Warning: STAT TAT between 45–60 minutes (rolling 4-hour window).
• Critical: STAT TAT > 60 minutes (rolling 2-hour window).
• Notification recipients:
• Warning: On-call Radiologist, ED Charge Nurse.
• Critical: Radiology On-call Consultant, ED Director, Quality Officer.

KPI-RIS-003: Critical Result Notification Compliance

Definition

Percentage of critical result notifications acknowledged within 30 minutes of being sent. Supports patient safety and UAE facility accreditation requirements.

Calculation Formula

SELECT
    COALESCE(
        COUNT(CASE
            WHEN crn.acknowledged_datetime IS NOT NULL
                 AND crn.acknowledged_datetime <= crn.sent_datetime + INTERVAL '30 minutes'
            THEN 1 END
        ) * 100.0
        / NULLIF(COUNT(*), 0),
    0.0) AS compliance_percent
FROM critical_result_notifications crn
JOIN radiology_reports r
    ON crn.report_id = r.report_id
WHERE
    r.is_critical = TRUE
    AND crn.sent_datetime >= :start_datetime
    AND crn.sent_datetime < :end_datetime;

Target / Benchmark

Data Source

• critical_result_notifications.sent_datetime
• critical_result_notifications.acknowledged_datetime
• critical_result_notifications.notification_method
• critical_result_notifications.read_back_confirmed
• radiology_reports.is_critical

Dimensions / Filters

• Time: day, week, month
• Facility, department
• Modality
• Ordering service (ED, ICU, OP clinics)
• Notification method (in-app, phone, SMS)
• Radiologist, ordering provider

Visualization

• Gauge: overall compliance % vs 95% target.
• Stacked bar: within 15 min / 15–30 min / >30 min / not acknowledged.
• Table: list of non-compliant cases for QA review.

Alert Thresholds

• Warning: compliance 90–95% in a month.
• Critical: compliance < 90% in any month OR any single critical result not acknowledged within 60 minutes.
• Notification recipients:
• Warning: Chief Radiologist, Quality & Patient Safety.
• Critical: Medical Director, Risk Management, Radiology Head of Department.

KPI-RIS-004: Exam Completion Rate

Definition

Percentage of scheduled radiology exams that are completed. Indicates operational efficiency and scheduling effectiveness.

Calculation Formula

Assumption: “Scheduled exams” = orders with a non-null scheduled_datetime.

SELECT
    COALESCE(
        COUNT(CASE WHEN e.exam_status = 'completed' THEN 1 END) * 100.0
        / NULLIF(COUNT(*), 0),
    0.0) AS completion_rate_percent
FROM radiology_exams e
JOIN radiology_orders o
    ON e.order_id = o.order_id
WHERE
    o.scheduled_datetime IS NOT NULL
    AND o.scheduled_datetime >= :start_datetime
    AND o.scheduled_datetime < :end_datetime;

Target / Benchmark

Data Source

• radiology_orders.scheduled_datetime
• radiology_exams.exam_status

Dimensions / Filters

• Time: day, week, month
• Facility, department
• Modality
• Priority
• Patient type (inpatient/outpatient/ED)
• Payer

Visualization

• Line chart: completion rate trend by day.
• Bar chart: completion rate by modality and by facility.

Alert Thresholds

• Warning: completion rate 90–95% for any week.
• Critical: completion rate < 90% for any week or < 80% on any single day.
• Notification recipients:
• Warning: Lead Technologist, Scheduling Supervisor.
• Critical: Radiology Manager, Operations Director.

KPI-RIS-005: No-Show Rate

Definition

Percentage of scheduled exams where the patient did not attend (no-show). Impacts resource utilization and revenue.

Calculation Formula

Assumption: radiology_exams.exam_status = 'no_show' for no-shows.

SELECT
    COALESCE(
        COUNT(CASE WHEN e.exam_status = 'no_show' THEN 1 END) * 100.0
        / NULLIF(COUNT(*), 0),
    0.0) AS no_show_rate_percent
FROM radiology_exams e
JOIN radiology_orders o
    ON e.order_id = o.order_id
WHERE
    o.scheduled_datetime IS NOT NULL
    AND o.scheduled_datetime >= :start_datetime
    AND o.scheduled_datetime < :end_datetime;

Target / Benchmark

Data Source

• radiology_exams.exam_status
• radiology_orders.scheduled_datetime

Dimensions / Filters

• Time: day, week, month
• Facility, department
• Modality
• Patient type (OP vs IP/ED)
• Payer
• Time of day / day of week

Visualization

• Line chart: no-show rate trend.
• Heatmap: no-show rate by day-of-week and time-of-day.
• Bar chart: no-show rate by modality.

Alert Thresholds

• Warning: no-show rate 10–15% for any month.
• Critical: no-show rate > 15% for any month or > 20% for any modality.
• Notification recipients:
• Warning: Scheduling Supervisor, Radiology Manager.
• Critical: COO/Operations, Patient Access Manager.

KPI-RIS-006: Image Repeat Rate

Definition

Percentage of image acquisitions that had to be repeated due to quality issues, motion, incorrect protocol, etc. Reflects technologist performance and radiation safety.

Assumptions:

• radiology_exams contains fields such as total_acquisitions and repeated_acquisitions, or equivalent flags.
• If not, a derived table or radiology_quality_metrics can store per-exam repeat counts.

Calculation Formula

SELECT
    COALESCE(
        SUM(e.repeated_acquisitions) * 100.0
        / NULLIF(SUM(e.total_acquisitions), 0),
    0.0) AS repeat_rate_percent
FROM radiology_exams e
WHERE
    e.exam_start_time >= :start_datetime
    AND e.exam_start_time < :end_datetime;

If only a boolean flag has_repeat is available:

SELECT
    COALESCE(
        COUNT(CASE WHEN e.has_repeat = TRUE THEN 1 END) * 100.0
        / NULLIF(COUNT(*), 0),
    0.0) AS repeat_rate_percent
FROM radiology_exams e
WHERE
    e.exam_start_time >= :start_datetime
    AND e.exam_start_time < :end_datetime;

Target / Benchmark

Data Source

• radiology_exams.repeated_acquisitions / radiology_exams.total_acquisitions (or equivalent)
• Optionally radiology_quality_metrics for aggregated values.

Dimensions / Filters

• Time: month, quarter
• Facility, department
• Modality
• Technologist (technologist_id)
• Body part / exam type

Visualization

• Bar chart: repeat rate by technologist and modality.
• Line chart: repeat rate trend over time.

Alert Thresholds

• Warning: repeat rate 5–8% for any modality or technologist.
• Critical: repeat rate > 8% for any modality or technologist.
• Notification recipients:
• Warning: Lead Technologist, RSO (for high-dose modalities).
• Critical: Chief Radiologist, Quality & Patient Safety.

KPI-RIS-007: Radiation Dose Compliance (DRL)

Definition

Percentage of dose-tracked exams where radiation dose is at or below the configured Diagnostic Reference Level (DRL) for that exam type/body region, as per UAE MOH radiation safety guidance and IAEA references.

Assumptions:

• radiation_dose_records.drl_exceeded is a boolean derived from comparison with DRL master data.

Calculation Formula

SELECT
    COALESCE(
        COUNT(CASE WHEN rdr.drl_exceeded = FALSE THEN 1 END) * 100.0
        / NULLIF(COUNT(*), 0),
    0.0) AS drl_compliance_percent
FROM radiation_dose_records rdr
WHERE
    rdr.exam_id IS NOT NULL
    AND rdr.modality_type IN ('CT', 'XR', 'NM', 'PT', 'MG', 'FL')
    AND rdr.exam_id IN (
        SELECT exam_id
        FROM radiology_exams
        WHERE exam_end_time >= :start_datetime
          AND exam_end_time < :end_datetime
    );

Target / Benchmark

Data Source

• radiation_dose_records.drl_exceeded
• radiation_dose_records.modality_type, body_region, dose_value, dose_unit
• DRL master data (managed by RSO)

Dimensions / Filters

• Time: month, quarter, year
• Facility
• Modality
• Body region
• Technologist
• Radiologist (for protocol selection)

Visualization

• Gauge: overall DRL compliance.
• Heatmap: compliance by modality vs body region.
• Bar chart: DRL exceedance count by technologist.

Alert Thresholds

• Warning: DRL compliance 90–95% for any modality over a quarter.
• Critical: DRL compliance < 90% for any modality OR any single exam exceeding DRL by > 50%.
• Notification recipients:
• Warning: RSO, Lead Technologist.
• Critical: RSO, Chief Radiologist, Facility Radiation Committee.

KPI-RIS-008: Prior Authorization Approval Rate

Definition

Percentage of imaging prior authorization requests that are approved by payers. Indicates appropriateness of ordering and quality of documentation.

Assumptions:

• prior_auth_requests table (owned by billing/claims) with status and linkage to radiology_orders.

Calculation Formula

SELECT
    COALESCE(
        COUNT(CASE WHEN par.status = 'approved' THEN 1 END) * 100.0
        / NULLIF(COUNT(*), 0),
    0.0) AS approval_rate_percent
FROM prior_auth_requests par
JOIN radiology_orders o
    ON par.order_id = o.order_id
WHERE
    par.created_datetime >= :start_datetime
    AND par.created_datetime < :end_datetime;

Target / Benchmark

Data Source

• prior_auth_requests.status, .created_datetime, .payer_id
• radiology_orders.order_id, .exam_code_cpt, .priority

Dimensions / Filters

• Time: month, quarter
• Facility
• Payer
• Modality
• Exam type (CPT group)
• Ordering provider / department

Visualization

• Bar chart: approval rate by payer.
• Line chart: approval rate trend.
• Table: top denial reasons.

Alert Thresholds

• Warning: approval rate 75–85% for any payer over a quarter.
• Critical: approval rate < 75% for any payer OR sudden drop > 10% month-over-month.
• Notification recipients:
• Warning: Insurance Coordinator, Radiology Manager.
• Critical: Revenue Cycle Director, Contracting Team, Radiology Head.

KPI-RIS-009: Radiologist Productivity (RVU)

Definition

Total Relative Value Units (RVUs) of exams interpreted per radiologist per period, based on CPT codes and RVU mapping. Used for workload balancing and performance benchmarking.

Assumptions:

• CPT→RVU mapping table: cpt_rvu_mapping(cpt_code, modality_type, work_rvu, total_rvu, effective_from, effective_to).

Calculation Formula

SELECT
    r.radiologist_id,
    SUM(m.total_rvu) AS total_rvu,
    SUM(m.work_rvu)  AS work_rvu
FROM radiology_reports r
JOIN radiology_exams e
    ON r.exam_id = e.exam_id
JOIN radiology_orders o
    ON r.order_id = o.order_id
JOIN cpt_rvu_mapping m
    ON o.exam_code_cpt = m.cpt_code
   AND m.effective_from <= r.final_sign_datetime
   AND (m.effective_to IS NULL OR m.effective_to >= r.final_sign_datetime)
WHERE
    r.report_status = 'Final'
    AND r.final_sign_datetime >= :start_datetime
    AND r.final_sign_datetime < :end_datetime
GROUP BY
    r.radiologist_id;

Target / Benchmark

Targets vary by specialty and facility; system should allow configuration.

Data Source

• radiology_reports.radiologist_id, .final_sign_datetime, .report_status
• radiology_orders.exam_code_cpt
• cpt_rvu_mapping.work_rvu, .total_rvu

Dimensions / Filters

• Time: month, quarter, year
• Facility
• Radiologist
• Modality
• Exam type (CPT group)
• Patient type (IP/OP/ED)

Visualization

• Bar chart: RVUs per radiologist.
• Line chart: RVU trend per radiologist over months.
• Stacked bar: RVUs by modality per radiologist.

Alert Thresholds

• Warning: radiologist RVU < 70% or > 130% of configured benchmark for 2 consecutive months.
• Critical: sustained imbalance (> 150% or < 50% of target) for 3 months.
• Notification recipients:
• Warning: Chief Radiologist, HR/Workforce Planning.
• Critical: Medical Director, COO.

KPI-RIS-010: Report Addendum Rate

Definition

Percentage of final reports that required at least one addendum. High rates may indicate documentation quality issues or workflow problems.

Calculation Formula

SELECT
    COALESCE(
        COUNT(DISTINCT a.report_id) * 100.0
        / NULLIF(COUNT(DISTINCT r.report_id), 0),
    0.0) AS addendum_rate_percent
FROM radiology_reports r
LEFT JOIN radiology_report_addenda a
    ON r.report_id = a.report_id
WHERE
    r.report_status = 'Final'
    AND r.final_sign_datetime >= :start_datetime
    AND r.final_sign_datetime < :end_datetime;

Target / Benchmark

Data Source

• radiology_reports.report_id, .report_status, .final_sign_datetime
• radiology_report_addenda.report_id, .addendum_type, .reason

Dimensions / Filters

• Time: month, quarter
• Facility
• Radiologist
• Modality
• Addendum type (correction, additional findings, etc.)

Visualization

• Line chart: addendum rate trend.
• Bar chart: addendum rate by radiologist.
• Pie chart: addendum types distribution.

Alert Thresholds

• Warning: addendum rate 5–8% for any radiologist or modality.
• Critical: addendum rate > 8% for any radiologist over 2 consecutive months.
• Notification recipients:
• Warning: Chief Radiologist, QA Committee.
• Critical: Medical Director, Quality & Patient Safety.

KPI-RIS-011: Technologist Utilization

Definition

Percentage of available technologist time spent performing exams. Helps optimize staffing and modality utilization.

Assumptions:

• staff_schedule table with technologist_id, shift_start, shift_end, scheduled_hours.
• Actual exam time per exam = exam_end_time - exam_start_time.

Calculation Formula

Per technologist:

WITH exam_time AS (
    SELECT
        e.technologist_id,
        SUM(EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM (e.exam_end_time - e.exam_start_time))) / 3600.0
            AS actual_exam_hours
    FROM radiology_exams e
    WHERE
        e.exam_start_time >= :start_datetime
        AND e.exam_start_time < :end_datetime
        AND e.exam_end_time IS NOT NULL
    GROUP BY e.technologist_id
),
available_time AS (
    SELECT
        s.technologist_id,
        SUM(s.scheduled_hours) AS available_hours
    FROM staff_schedule s
    WHERE
        s.shift_start >= :start_datetime
        AND s.shift_start < :end_datetime
    GROUP BY s.technologist_id
)
SELECT
    a.technologist_id,
    COALESCE(
        e.actual_exam_hours * 100.0 / NULLIF(a.available_hours, 0),
    0.0) AS utilization_percent
FROM available_time a
LEFT JOIN exam_time e
    ON a.technologist_id = e.technologist_id;

Target / Benchmark

Data Source

• radiology_exams.exam_start_time, .exam_end_time, .technologist_id
• staff_schedule.technologist_id, .shift_start, .scheduled_hours

Dimensions / Filters

• Time: day, week, month
• Facility, department
• Modality
• Technologist

Visualization

• Bar chart: utilization by technologist.
• Line chart: average utilization trend by modality.

Alert Thresholds

• Warning: utilization < 60% or > 90% for any technologist over a month.
• Critical: utilization < 50% or > 100% (overtime) for any technologist over a month.
• Notification recipients:
• Warning: Lead Technologist, HR.
• Critical: Radiology Manager, Operations Director.

KPI-RIS-012: NABIDH/Malaffi Report Submission Rate

Definition

Percentage of final radiology reports successfully submitted and accepted by the regional HIE (NABIDH in Dubai, Malaffi in Abu Dhabi). Supports DOH/DHA interoperability mandates.

Assumptions:

• integration_message_log with one row per outbound HIE message:
• source_module, message_type, external_system ('NABIDH','Malaffi'),
• related_report_id, status ('accepted','rejected','pending').

Calculation Formula

SELECT
    COALESCE(
        COUNT(CASE WHEN iml.status = 'accepted' THEN 1 END) * 100.0
        / NULLIF(COUNT(*), 0),
    0.0) AS submission_rate_percent
FROM integration_message_log iml
JOIN radiology_reports r
    ON iml.related_report_id = r.report_id
WHERE
    iml.source_module = 'RIS'
    AND iml.message_type = 'ORU^R01'
    AND iml.external_system IN ('NABIDH', 'Malaffi')
    AND r.report_status = 'Final'
    AND r.final_sign_datetime >= :start_datetime
    AND r.final_sign_datetime < :end_datetime;

Target / Benchmark

Data Source

• integration_message_log.status, .external_system, .message_type, .related_report_id
• radiology_reports.report_id, .final_sign_datetime, .report_status

Dimensions / Filters

• Time: day, week, month
• Facility
• External system (NABIDH vs Malaffi)
• Modality
• Error code (if available in log)

Visualization

• Gauge: overall submission rate.
• Line chart: submission rate trend by HIE.
• Table: list of rejected messages with error reasons.

Alert Thresholds

• Warning: submission rate 98–99.5% for any HIE over a week.
• Critical: submission rate < 98% for any HIE OR > 10 consecutive rejections.
• Notification recipients:
• Warning: Integration Team, Radiology Informatics.
• Critical: CIO, Compliance Officer, DOH/DHA liaison.

Standard Reports

Dashboard Wireframe

Below is an HTML wireframe mockup for the Radiology Analytics Dashboard (SCR-RIS-010) showing KPI cards, filters, and charts.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Radiology Analytics Dashboard</title>
</head>
<body style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background:#f5f5f5; margin:0; padding:0;">
  <header style="background:#004c97; color:#fff; padding:16px 24px;">
    <h1 style="margin:0; font-size:20px;">Radiology Analytics Dashboard</h1>
    <div style="margin-top:8px; font-size:12px;">
      <span>Facility:</span>
      <select style="margin-right:8px;">
        <option>All Facilities</option>
        <option>Dubai General Hospital</option>
        <option>Abu Dhabi Medical Center</option>
      </select>
      <span>Department:</span>
      <select style="margin-right:8px;">
        <option>All</option>
        <option>Radiology</option>
        <option>ED</option>
      </select>
      <span>Period:</span>
      <select>
        <option>Last 7 days</option>
        <option>Last 30 days</option>
        <option>Last Quarter</option>
      </select>
    </div>
  </header>

  <main style="padding:16px 24px;">
    <!-- KPI cards row -->
    <section style="display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:12px; margin-bottom:16px;">
      <div style="flex:1; min-width:180px; background:#fff; border-radius:4px; padding:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);">
        <div style="font-size:12px; color:#666;">Routine Report TAT</div>
        <div style="font-size:22px; font-weight:bold;">18.4 h</div>
        <div style="font-size:11px; color:#0a8a0a;">Target ≤ 24 h</div>
      </div>
      <div style="flex:1; min-width:180px; background:#fff; border-radius:4px; padding:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);">
        <div style="font-size:12px; color:#666;">STAT Report TAT</div>
        <div style="font-size:22px; font-weight:bold;">42 min</div>
        <div style="font-size:11px; color:#0a8a0a;">Target ≤ 60 min</div>
      </div>
      <div style="flex:1; min-width:180px; background:#fff; border-radius:4px; padding:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);">
        <div style="font-size:12px; color:#666;">Critical Result Compliance</div>
        <div style="font-size:22px; font-weight:bold;">97.2%</div>
        <div style="font-size:11px; color:#0a8a0a;">Target ≥ 95%</div>
      </div>
      <div style="flex:1; min-width:180px; background:#fff; border-radius:4px; padding:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);">
        <div style="font-size:12px; color:#666;">DRL Compliance</div>
        <div style="font-size:22px; font-weight:bold;">96.5%</div>
        <div style="font-size:11px; color:#0a8a0a;">Target ≥ 95%</div>
      </div>
    </section>

    <!-- Charts row 1 -->
    <section style="display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:16px; margin-bottom:16px;">
      <div style="flex:2; min-width:300px; background:#fff; border-radius:4px; padding:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);">
        <h2 style="margin:0 0 8px 0; font-size:14px;">Report Turnaround Time Trend</h2>
        <div style="height:220px; border:1px dashed #ccc; text-align:center; line-height:220px; color:#999; font-size:12px;">
          Line chart: Routine &amp; STAT TAT by day
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="flex:1; min-width:220px; background:#fff; border-radius:4px; padding:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);">
        <h2 style="margin:0 0 8px 0; font-size:14px;">Exam Completion &amp; No-Show</h2>
        <div style="height:220px; border:1px dashed #ccc; text-align:center; line-height:220px; color:#999; font-size:12px;">
          Bar chart: Completion vs No-show by modality
        </div>
      </div>
    </section>

    <!-- Charts row 2 -->
    <section style="display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:16px; margin-bottom:16px;">
      <div style="flex:1; min-width:260px; background:#fff; border-radius:4px; padding:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);">
        <h2 style="margin:0 0 8px 0; font-size:14px;">Technologist Utilization</h2>
        <div style="height:200px; border:1px dashed #ccc; text-align:center; line-height:200px; color:#999; font-size:12px;">
          Bar chart: Utilization by technologist
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="flex:1; min-width:260px; background:#fff; border-radius:4px; padding:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);">
        <h2 style="margin:0 0 8px 0; font-size:14px;">Radiologist Productivity (RVU)</h2>
        <div style="height:200px; border:1px dashed #ccc; text-align:center; line-height:200px; color:#999; font-size:12px;">
          Bar chart: RVU per radiologist
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="flex:1; min-width:260px; background:#fff; border-radius:4px; padding:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);">
        <h2 style="margin:0 0 8px 0; font-size:14px;">HIE Submission Status</h2>
        <div style="height:200px; border:1px dashed #ccc; text-align:center; line-height:200px; color:#999; font-size:12px;">
          Gauge + table: NABIDH/Malaffi acceptance
        </div>
      </div>
    </section>

    <!-- Detailed table -->
    <section style="background:#fff; border-radius:4px; padding:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);">
      <div style="display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center; margin-bottom:8px;">
        <h2 style="margin:0; font-size:14px;">Outlier Exams (High TAT / DRL Exceeded)</h2>
        <button style="padding:4px 8px; font-size:11px;">Export CSV</button>
      </div>
      <table style="width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:11px;">
        <thead>
          <tr style="background:#eee;">
            <th style="border:1px solid #ddd; padding:4px;">Patient</th>
            <th style="border:1px solid #ddd; padding:4px;">Exam</th>
            <th style="border:1px solid #ddd; padding:4px;">Modality</th>
            <th style="border:1px solid #ddd; padding:4px;">Priority</th>
            <th style="border:1px solid #ddd; padding:4px;">TAT</th>
            <th style="border:1px solid #ddd; padding:4px;">Dose vs DRL</th>
            <th style="border:1px solid #ddd; padding:4px;">Radiologist</th>
            <th style="border:1px solid #ddd; padding:4px;">Technologist</th>
          </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          <tr>
            <td style="border:1px solid #ddd; padding:4px;">Ahmed Al-Maktoum</td>
            <td style="border:1px solid #ddd; padding:4px;">CT Abdomen</td>
            <td style="border:1px solid #ddd; padding:4px;">CT</td>
            <td style="border:1px solid #ddd; padding:4px;">Routine</td>
            <td style="border:1px solid #ddd; padding:4px; color:#c00;">36 h</td>
            <td style="border:1px solid #ddd; padding:4px; color:#c00;">+40%</td>
            <td style="border:1px solid #ddd; padding:4px;">Dr. Fatima Al-Nahyan</td>
            <td style="border:1px solid #ddd; padding:4px;">Tech-123</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td style="border:1px solid #ddd; padding:4px;">Fatima Al-Nahyan</td>
            <td style="border:1px solid #ddd; padding:4px;">XR Chest</td>
            <td style="border:1px solid #ddd; padding:4px;">XR</td>
            <td style="border:1px solid #ddd; padding:4px;">STAT</td>
            <td style="border:1px solid #ddd; padding:4px; color:#c00;">78 min</td>
            <td style="border:1px solid #ddd; padding:4px;">Within DRL</td>
            <td style="border:1px solid #ddd; padding:4px;">Dr. Omar Al-Falasi</td>
            <td style="border:1px solid #ddd; padding:4px;">Tech-087</td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
    </section>
  </main>
</body>
</html>

Regulatory Reports

All regulatory references are UAE-specific. The RIS must support generation and secure delivery of the following:

1. MOH Radiation Safety & Dose Reporting

• Authority: UAE Ministry of Health and Prevention (MOH).
• Content:
• Aggregated radiation dose statistics per modality and body region.
• DRL compliance rates (KPI-RIS-007).
• Outlier cases exceeding DRL thresholds, with justification fields.
• Data Sources:
• radiation_dose_records
• radiology_exams, radiology_orders
• DRL master data.
• Frequency: Quarterly and annual, configurable.
• Format:
• CSV/Excel for upload.
• Signed PDF summary for internal records.
• PDPL Considerations:
• Use pseudonymized patient identifiers where allowed.
• Access restricted to RSO and authorized compliance staff.
• Audit logs of report generation and export.

2. DOH (Abu Dhabi) / DHA (Dubai) Statistical Submissions

• Authorities:
• DOH Abu Dhabi (Malaffi, ADHICS).
• DHA Dubai (NABIDH, eClaimLink).
• Content:
• Exam volumes by modality, body part, and priority.
• TAT metrics (KPI-RIS-001, KPI-RIS-002).
• Critical result compliance (KPI-RIS-003).
• HIE submission rates (KPI-RIS-012).
• Data Sources:
• radiology_orders, radiology_exams, radiology_reports
• critical_result_notifications
• integration_message_log
• Frequency:
• Monthly/quarterly, per DOH/DHA guidance.
• Format:
• Structured CSV/Excel as per DOH/DHA templates.
• Option to generate FHIR-based extracts if requested.
• Security:
• Transport over secure channels (SFTP, HTTPS).
• Compliance with ADHICS (for Abu Dhabi) and DHA security policies.

3. UAE PDPL Audit & Access Reports

• Authority: UAE PDPL (Federal Decree-Law No. 45/2021).
• Content:
• Who accessed radiology reports/images (user, role, timestamp, purpose).
• Exports of radiology data (to PACS, HIE, external providers).
• Data subject rights activity (rectification via addenda, restrictions).
• Data Sources:
• audit_log (cross-module, including RIS events).
• radiology_reports, radiology_report_addenda.
• integration_message_log.
• Frequency:
• On-demand (for DPO investigations).
• Quarterly summary for internal PDPL compliance review.
• Requirements:
• Ability to filter by patient, date range, user, and action type.
• Export to PDF/CSV with clear PDPL justification fields.

4. NABIDH / Malaffi Interoperability Compliance

• Authorities:
• DHA NABIDH (Dubai).
• DOH Malaffi (Abu Dhabi).
• Content:
• Submission success/failure statistics (KPI-RIS-012).
• Message error codes and reasons.
• Timeliness of submission (time from final sign to HIE acceptance).
• Data Sources:
• integration_message_log
• radiology_reports
• Frequency:
• Daily operational monitoring.
• Monthly compliance summary.
• Format:
• Dashboard + CSV export.
• Security:
• Ensure TLS for HL7 v2.5.1 over MLLP.
• Logging of all outbound messages and responses.

Ad-Hoc Reporting

Available Data Fields (Examples)

RIS ad-hoc reporting should expose, at minimum, the following field groups (subject to role-based access):

• Orders (radiology_orders)
• order_id, patient_id, encounter_id
• ordering_provider_id
• exam_code_cpt, exam_description
• body_part, laterality, modality_type
• clinical_indication, icd10_code
• priority, order_status
• order_datetime, scheduled_datetime

• facility_id, department_id

• Exams (radiology_exams)

• exam_id, order_id, patient_id
• technologist_id, modality_resource_id
• exam_status
• check_in_time, exam_start_time, exam_end_time
• contrast_used, contrast_type, contrast_volume
• accession_number, study_instance_uid

• total_acquisitions, repeated_acquisitions (if present)

• Reports (radiology_reports, radiology_report_addenda)

• report_id, exam_id, order_id, patient_id
• radiologist_id
• report_status
• dictation_start, dictation_end
• preliminary_sign_datetime, final_sign_datetime
• is_critical, critical_finding_text
• report_template_id

• Addenda: addendum_id, addendum_type, signed_datetime, reason

• Critical Notifications (critical_result_notifications)

• notification_id, report_id
• critical_finding
• notifying_radiologist_id, target_provider_id
• notification_method
• sent_datetime, acknowledged_datetime
• acknowledged_by, escalation_level

• read_back_confirmed

• Dose Records (radiation_dose_records)

• dose_id, exam_id, patient_id
• modality_type, dose_type, dose_value, dose_unit
• body_region, ctdi_vol, dlp, dap, effective_dose_msv

• drl_exceeded, captured_from_rdsr

• Quality Metrics (radiology_quality_metrics)

• metric_id, period_start, period_end
• user_id, user_role

• metric_type, metric_value, benchmark_value

• Integration & HIE (integration_message_log)

• message_id, source_module, external_system
• message_type, status, error_code, related_report_id
• sent_datetime, ack_datetime

Export Formats

The ad-hoc reporting engine must support:

• CSV:
• For data analysis in Excel/BI tools.
• UTF-8 encoding; configurable delimiter (comma/semicolon).
• Excel (XLSX):
• For business users; includes basic formatting and filters.
• PDF:
• For official reporting and regulatory submissions.
• JSON (optional):
• For integration with external analytics platforms via API.

All exports must:

• Respect role-based access control (e.g., radiologists see only their own performance if configured).
• Apply PDPL-compliant masking/pseudonymization where required (e.g., for external sharing).
• Log export events in an audit table with user, timestamp, filter criteria, and destination.

Scheduled Report Delivery

The system should provide a scheduling service with:

• Configuration Options:
• Report ID / ad-hoc query.
• Parameters (date range, facility, modality, etc.).
• Frequency: daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, annual, custom cron-like.
• Delivery channels: secure email (PDF/Excel), SFTP drop, in-app notification.

• Recipient list: users, roles, or external addresses (subject to PDPL and organizational policy).

• Execution & Monitoring:

• Job status tracking (success/failure, last run, next run).
• Error handling with retry and escalation (e.g., to IT support).

• Audit logging of all scheduled deliveries (who configured, who received, what data).

• Security & PDPL:

• Enforce encryption in transit (TLS) for emailed links or attachments.
• Option to send secure links to portal instead of attachments.
• Ability to disable external email delivery for sensitive reports (e.g., patient-level dose).

This specification provides developer-ready definitions for RIS KPIs, standard and regulatory reports, dashboard layout, and ad-hoc reporting capabilities aligned with UAE regulatory and operational requirements.