Patient Access Workflows

Patient Access Workflows

This document defines six core workflows for the Patient Access module. Each workflow includes process steps, actors, decision points, integration hooks, exception handling, and the paperless transformation achieved by the HIS.

Regulatory context: UAE Federal Decree-Law No. 45/2021 on Personal Data Protection (UAE PDPL), MOH licensing requirements, DHA eClaimLink and DOH eClaims (Shafafiya) standards for eligibility and authorisation, and alignment with NABIDH (Dubai) / Malaffi (Abu Dhabi) interoperability policies. All workflows must ensure minimum necessary use of patient data, explicit consent where required, and secure transmission per ADHICS / TDRA cybersecurity guidance.


WF-PAC-001: Insurance Eligibility Verification

Process Flow

Actor: Registration Clerk, System (automated)
Trigger: Patient registration, appointment booking, check-in, or scheduled batch re-verification (e.g., 72 hours before service)
Pre-conditions:

  • Patient exists in patients (from ehr-patient-mgmt)
  • Appointment and/or encounter exists in appointments / encounters (from scheduling)
  • Payer and plan configured in payers, insurance_plans (from policy-contract-mgmt)
  • Patient’s insurance details captured or available from prior visit
  • Patient consent for electronic eligibility checks recorded per UAE PDPL (in EHR/consent module)
  1. Registration Clerk opens the Eligibility Verification screen (SCR-PAC-001) from the patient context (MRN / Emirates ID 784-1990-1234567-1).
  2. System pre-populates payer, plan, member ID, group ID, and Emirates ID from latest insurance record; clerk updates or adds new insurance if needed.
  3. System validates mandatory fields (payer, plan, member ID, patient DOB, Emirates ID) and displays any validation errors inline.
  4. Clerk selects check type (real-time / batch / day-of-service recheck) and request source (registration, scheduling, portal, automated).
  5. System creates an eligibility_checks row (status = pending, request_source, check_type, check_datetime, linked patient_id, payer_id, plan_id, and optionally encounter_id / appointment_id).
  6. System determines correct integration endpoint based on facility emirate and payer:
    - Dubai → DHA eClaimLink (INT-PAC-001)
    - Abu Dhabi → DOH eClaims / Shafafiya (INT-PAC-002)
    - Other / self-pay / direct payer → configured endpoint from Payer Eligibility Endpoints master data.
  7. System sends real-time eligibility request to the selected endpoint with required payload (member ID, Emirates ID, payer/plan, service date, facility, provider).
  8. Decision: Did the payer respond within timeout (e.g., 20 seconds)? - Yes → proceed to step 9.
    - No → go to step 12.
  9. System receives eligibility response (raw XML/JSON) and stores it in eligibility_responses.response_raw linked to check_id.
  10. System parses key benefits: active/inactive, effective/termination dates, co-pay amount/percentage, deductible total and met, coinsurance, annual max and remaining, plan limitations; populates structured fields in eligibility_responses (e.g., is_eligible, copay_amount, deductible_met).
  11. System updates eligibility_checks.status to success and associates the latest successful check to the encounter/appointment (e.g., encounter_details.financial_clearance_status = 'eligibility_verified' via internal API to billing-claims and scheduling).
  12. Decision: If timeout or error from payer:
    • If retry allowed (e.g., up to 3 attempts) → system retries with exponential backoff and logs attempts.
    • If retries exhausted → set eligibility_checks.status = 'error' and store error code/message.
  13. System displays coverage summary to clerk: eligibility status, co-pay, deductible remaining, coinsurance, key limitations (e.g., network-only, pre-auth required).
  14. Decision: Is patient ineligible or coverage expired for date of service?
    • No (eligible) → proceed to step 16.
    • Yes (ineligible) → step 15.
  15. Clerk informs patient that coverage is inactive/invalid, offers alternatives (other insurance, self-pay, financial counseling referral) and records outcome; system flags encounter as not financially cleared and may create a task for Financial Counselor.
  16. For eligible patients, system calculates preliminary patient responsibility indicators (not a full estimate) and sends summary to billing-claims (INT-PAC-005) for downstream use.
  17. System schedules an automatic re-verification job for the day of service if the latest successful check is older than 72 hours; job will create new eligibility_checks entries with request_source = 'auto_reverify'.

Data Modified:

  • eligibility_checks — INSERT (new check), UPDATE (status, error info, linkage to encounter/appointment)
  • eligibility_responses — INSERT (parsed response per check)
  • encounter_details (in scheduling module) — UPDATE (financial clearance flags via internal API)
  • billing_pre_claim / equivalent (in billing-claims) — UPDATE/INSERT (eligibility summary, if such table exists in that module)

Mermaid Flowchart

flowchart TD A["Clerk opens Eligibility Verification"] --> B["Load patient & insurance data"] B --> C{"Mandatory fields complete?"} C -->|"No"| C1["Show validation errors"] --> B C -->|"Yes"| D["Create eligibility_checks row (pending)"] D --> E["Select payer endpoint (DHA/DOH/direct)"] E --> F["Send real-time eligibility request"] F --> G{"Payer response within timeout?"} G -->|"No"| H{"Retries remaining?"} H -->|"Yes"| F1["Retry with backoff"] --> F H -->|"No"| I["Set status=error, log error"] --> J["Display error & options"] G -->|"Yes"| K["Store raw response in eligibility_responses"] K --> L["Parse benefits & coverage details"] L --> M["Update eligibility_checks status=success"] M --> N{"Is coverage active for DOS?"} N -->|"No"| O["Flag encounter not cleared, offer alternatives"] N -->|"Yes"| P["Send summary to Billing & Scheduling"] P --> Q["Display coverage summary to clerk"] Q --> R{"Check older than 72h before DOS?"} R -->|"Yes"| S["Schedule auto re-verification job"] R -->|"No"| T["Workflow complete"] O --> T J --> T

Decision Points

  1. Mandatory fields complete?
    - If not, user cannot proceed; system highlights missing fields (e.g., missing Emirates ID, member ID).
  2. Payer response within timeout?
    - If no, system retries up to configured limit; after that, marks check as error and prompts for manual follow-up or provisional self-pay.
  3. Is coverage active for date of service?
    - If yes, mark encounter as eligibility-verified.
    - If no, flag encounter as not cleared and prompt for alternate insurance or financial counseling.
  4. Check older than 72 hours before DOS?
    - If yes, auto re-verification scheduled.
    - If no, existing verification considered valid.

Integration Points

Target Module / System Direction Data Exchanged Protocol / ID
ehr-patient-mgmt Read-only Patient demographics, Emirates ID, insurance card images Internal API
scheduling Bi-dir Appointment/encounter linkage, financial clearance flags INT-PAC-004
billing-claims Outbound Eligibility status, co-pay/deductible summary, plan limitations INT-PAC-005
policy-contract-mgmt Read-only Payer, plan, coverage rules, payer endpoints INT-PAC-006
DHA eClaimLink Outbound Eligibility request/response for Dubai facilities INT-PAC-001 (REST)
DOH eClaims / Shafafiya Outbound Eligibility request/response for Abu Dhabi facilities INT-PAC-002 (REST)
Patient Portal Outbound High-level eligibility status for upcoming appointments INT-PAC-008 (FHIR)

Exception Handling

  • Validation failures:
  • Missing or invalid Emirates ID, member ID, or DOB → inline error messages; no external call made.
  • Payer timeout / connectivity error:
  • Automatic retries with increasing intervals; if all fail, status set to error, visible banner “Eligibility system unavailable – treat as self-pay or retry later”; audit log entry created.
  • Payer returns technical error (invalid format, unknown member):
  • Store error code in eligibility_responses.payer_response_code; display human-readable message; allow clerk to correct data and resubmit.
  • Data privacy / consent:
  • If consent for electronic eligibility not present, system prompts clerk to obtain verbal/written consent and record it before sending; if patient refuses, eligibility check is skipped and encounter flagged as self-pay per facility policy.
  • Auto re-verification failure on day of service:
  • System flags encounter in a “Financial Clearance Exception” work queue; supervisor can override hold based on facility policy.

Paperless Transformation

Previously Paper-Based Now Digital In-System Notes
Phone calls to payer call centres for eligibility Real-time electronic eligibility via DHA eClaimLink / DOH eClaims APIs Faster, auditable, reduces staff time
Photocopying insurance cards and filing in paper charts Scanned card images stored in EHR; structured insurance data in eligibility_checks Better data quality, no physical storage
Manual spreadsheets tracking eligibility checks Centralised eligibility_checks / eligibility_responses tables with dashboards Enables KPIs and analytics
Handwritten notes about coverage limitations Structured benefits summary stored and viewable in HIS Consistent communication to patients

Remaining Paper Touchpoints: Printed eligibility summary may be given to patient on request; otherwise fully digital.

Inputs and Outputs

Inputs:

Source Data Element Format
ehr-patient-mgmt Patient demographics (MRN, Emirates ID, name, DOB, gender) Internal API / patients, patient_identifiers
ehr-patient-mgmt Insurance card images Document reference / binary
policy-contract-mgmt Payer, plan, coverage rules, payer endpoints Internal API / payers, insurance_plans, coverage_rules
scheduling Appointment/encounter context (date, provider, visit type) Internal API / appointments, encounters
DHA eClaimLink / DOH eClaims Eligibility response (coverage status, benefits, limits) REST XML/JSON per DHA/DOH schema
User (Registration Clerk) Check type selection, corrections to insurance fields UI form input

Outputs:

Destination Data Element Format
eligibility_checks Check record (status, check_type, request_source, timestamps) DB INSERT/UPDATE
eligibility_responses Parsed benefits (is_eligible, copay, deductible, coinsurance, annual max) DB INSERT
scheduling (encounter_details) Financial clearance flags (eligibility_verified) Internal API
billing-claims Eligibility summary and patient responsibility indicators INT-PAC-005
patient-portal High-level eligibility status for upcoming appointments INT-PAC-008 (FHIR)
User (Registration Clerk) Coverage summary display UI screen (SCR-PAC-001)

Post-conditions:

  • eligibility_checks row exists with status success, error, or pending
  • If successful, encounter is flagged as financially cleared in scheduling
  • If unsuccessful, encounter flagged as not financially cleared; task may be created for Financial Counselor
  • Auto re-verification job scheduled if check is >72 hours before date of service

SLA and Timing

Step Target Time Escalation Measurement Source
Load patient & insurance data < 2 seconds N/A (system performance) Application performance monitoring
Send eligibility request to payer endpoint < 3 seconds (network + submission) Alert IT if average > 5 seconds eligibility_checks.check_datetime vs request sent timestamp
Payer response received < 20 seconds Retry with backoff; if > 60 seconds, mark error eligibility_responses.response_datetime - eligibility_checks.check_datetime
Parse and store response < 1 second N/A (system performance) Application logs
Display coverage summary to clerk < 2 seconds after response N/A UI render time
Total end-to-end (clerk-initiated) < 30 seconds Supervisor notified if average > 45 seconds eligibility_checks timestamps
Auto re-verification job execution Within scheduled window (e.g., 02:00-04:00 UAE time) Alert if not completed by 05:00 Job scheduler logs
Batch re-verification turnaround All pending re-checks processed within 2 hours Operations Manager notified if overdue Batch job completion timestamp

State Transition Diagram

The eligibility check manages a distinct lifecycle from creation through resolution.

stateDiagram-v2 [*] --> Pending : Clerk initiates check / auto-reverify job created Pending --> Submitted : Request sent to payer endpoint Submitted --> Success : Payer responds with coverage data Submitted --> Error : Payer timeout / connectivity failure (retries exhausted) Submitted --> Pending : Retry attempt (backoff) Error --> Submitted : Clerk manually retries Error --> ManualOverride : Supervisor overrides hold Success --> Reverifying : Auto re-verification triggered (>72h before DOS) Reverifying --> Submitted : Re-check request sent Success --> [*] ManualOverride --> [*]

WF-PAC-002: Prior Authorization Management

Process Flow

Actor: Authorization Specialist, Physician
Trigger: Service ordered that requires prior authorization per payer rules (e.g., high-cost imaging, elective surgery)
Pre-conditions:

  • Order exists in CPOE / clinical module with CPT and ICD-10-AM codes
  • Eligibility verification completed or attempted
  • Coverage rules available from coverage_rules (policy-contract-mgmt) indicating auth requirement
  • Patient consent for sharing clinical documentation with payer recorded per UAE PDPL
  1. System receives new order from CPOE or scheduling and checks coverage_rules via INT-PAC-006 to determine if prior auth is required for the payer/plan, service, and diagnosis.
  2. Decision: Does the service require prior auth? - No → system records “no auth required” and ends workflow.
    - Yes → proceed to step 3.
  3. System creates a draft prior_authorizations record with auth_status = 'pending_submission', linking patient_id, encounter_id, payer_id, service_codes (CPT), icd10_codes, and requesting_provider_id.
  4. Authorization Specialist opens the Prior Authorization Worklist (SCR-PAC-002) and selects the new case.
  5. System pre-populates the Authorization Request Form (SCR-PAC-003) with patient info, service codes, diagnosis, and referring/requesting provider details.
  6. Specialist reviews and attaches required clinical documentation (lab results, imaging reports, clinical notes) from EHR; system stores references or documents in prior_auth_requests.clinical_documentation (e.g., document IDs).
  7. Specialist selects submission channel (DHA eClaimLink, DOH eClaims, direct payer portal, or manual upload) based on payer configuration.
  8. System validates that all mandatory fields and documents required by payer policy are present (e.g., recent MRI report, conservative therapy notes).
  9. System creates a new prior_auth_requests row with submission_datetime, submission_channel, and links it to auth_id.
  10. For electronic channels (eClaimLink / DOH eClaims), system submits structured auth request payload including clinical justification; for portal-only payers, system may generate a PDF or summary for manual upload but still tracks status.
  11. Decision: Did the payer respond synchronously (immediate approval/denial) or is it pending review?
    • Immediate response → step 12.
    • Pending → step 13.
  12. System updates prior_authorizations.auth_status to approved or denied, sets auth_number, approved_date/denied_date, valid_from, valid_to, and approved_units; notifies ordering physician and updates billing-claims with auth number.
  13. If pending, system sets auth_status = 'under_review' and populates prior_auth_requests.payer_response with acknowledgement; case remains on worklist with “days pending” counter.
  14. Decision: Payer requests peer-to-peer review or additional information?
    • If yes → Specialist coordinates with Physician to schedule call, records peer_review_scheduled = true and notes in payer_response.
    • If no → wait for final decision.
  15. When final decision received (via electronic response or manual update), Specialist updates prior_authorizations with status, dates, units, and any conditions; system automatically links auth to relevant scheduled procedures and claims.
  16. If denied, system notifies Physician and allows documentation of appeal plan or alternative treatment; subsequent appeal submissions are tracked as additional prior_auth_requests rows linked to same auth_id.

Data Modified:

  • prior_authorizations — INSERT (initial record), UPDATE (status, auth number, dates, units)
  • prior_auth_requests — INSERT (each submission/response cycle), UPDATE (payer_response, response_datetime, peer_review_scheduled)
  • encounter_details (scheduling) — UPDATE (auth status flags)
  • billing_claims / equivalent (billing-claims) — UPDATE (auth number, auth status)

Mermaid Flowchart

flowchart TD A["New order from CPOE/Scheduling"] --> B["Check coverage_rules for auth requirement"] B --> C{"Auth required?"} C -->|"No"| C1["Record 'no auth required'"] --> Z["End"] C -->|"Yes"| D["Create prior_authorizations (pending_submission)"] D --> E["Specialist opens auth worklist"] E --> F["Open Authorization Request Form"] F --> G["Attach clinical documentation"] G --> H["Select submission channel"] H --> I{"All payer-required fields/docs present?"} I -->|"No"| I1["Show missing items, cannot submit"] --> F I -->|"Yes"| J["Create prior_auth_requests row"] J --> K["Submit to payer (eClaimLink/DOH/portal)"] K --> L{"Immediate response?"} L -->|"Yes"| M["Update prior_authorizations to approved/denied"] M --> N["Notify physician & Billing, link auth to claim"] N --> Z L -->|"No"| O["Set status=under_review, track pending"] O --> P{"Peer review or more info requested?"} P -->|"Yes"| Q["Schedule peer review, update request record"] --> O P -->|"No"| R["Wait for final decision"] R --> S["Receive final decision"] S --> M

Decision Points

  1. Auth required?
    - Based on payer, plan, CPT, ICD-10-AM, and facility rules from coverage_rules.
  2. All payer-required fields/docs present?
    - If not, system blocks submission and lists missing items (e.g., “Upload last 3 months physiotherapy notes”).
  3. Immediate response vs under review?
    - Some payers auto-approve low-risk services; others always pend.
  4. Peer review or additional information requested?
    - If yes, additional tasks and documentation steps are triggered.

Integration Points

Target Module / System Direction Data Exchanged Protocol / ID
cpoe Inbound Orders requiring auth (CPT, ICD-10-AM, provider) INT-PAC-007
policy-contract-mgmt Read-only Coverage rules, auth requirements per payer/plan/service INT-PAC-006
billing-claims Bi-dir Auth numbers, status, linkage to claims; denial reasons INT-PAC-005
DHA eClaimLink Bi-dir Auth requests/responses for Dubai INT-PAC-001
DOH eClaims / Shafafiya Bi-dir Auth requests/responses for Abu Dhabi INT-PAC-002
Physician notification Outbound Alerts/messages about auth approval/denial, peer review requests Internal messaging

Exception Handling

  • Missing clinical documentation:
  • System prevents submission and lists required documents; Specialist can save draft but not submit.
  • Payer system downtime:
  • System queues auth request; status queued_for_submission; retries periodically; visible in worklist with “Payer offline” indicator.
  • Mismatch between order and auth (e.g., CPT changed):
  • System detects change and prompts Specialist to update auth or request amendment; logs in prior_auth_requests.
  • Data privacy:
  • If patient has restricted sharing of certain sensitive diagnoses (per UAE PDPL and facility policy), system masks those details and may require explicit consent override before submission.

Paperless Transformation

Previously Paper-Based Now Digital In-System Notes
Faxing prior auth forms and clinical notes to payers Electronic auth submission via eClaimLink / DOH eClaims with structured payloads Faster decisions, fewer lost requests
Manual paper files tracking auth status prior_authorizations and prior_auth_requests tables with real-time status Enables worklists and KPIs
Handwritten notes about peer-to-peer calls Structured peer review scheduling and notes in auth request record Better audit trail
Paper copies of approval letters attached to charts Digital auth numbers and documents linked to patient and encounter Accessible across departments

Remaining Paper Touchpoints: Some payers may still issue paper letters; these can be scanned and attached, but core process is digital.

Inputs and Outputs

Inputs:

Source Data Element Format
cpoe / scheduling Order details (CPT codes, ICD-10-AM diagnoses, provider, encounter) INT-PAC-007 / Internal API
policy-contract-mgmt Coverage rules, prior auth requirements per payer/plan/service INT-PAC-006
ehr-patient-mgmt Clinical documentation (lab results, imaging reports, clinical notes) Document references / FHIR DocumentReference
DHA eClaimLink / DOH eClaims Auth response (auth number, status, validity, approved units, denial reasons) REST XML/JSON per DHA/DOH schema
User (Authorization Specialist) Clinical justification, submission channel selection, peer review notes UI form input (SCR-PAC-002, SCR-PAC-003)
User (Physician) Peer-to-peer review participation, appeal documentation Internal messaging / clinical notes

Outputs:

Destination Data Element Format
prior_authorizations Auth record (status, auth_number, dates, approved_units) DB INSERT/UPDATE
prior_auth_requests Submission records (channel, datetime, payer_response, peer_review) DB INSERT/UPDATE
billing-claims Auth number and status for claim linkage INT-PAC-005
scheduling (encounter_details) Auth status flags Internal API
Physician Approval/denial notifications, peer review requests Internal messaging / alerts
DHA eClaimLink / DOH eClaims Auth request payload with clinical justification INT-PAC-001 / INT-PAC-002

Post-conditions:

  • prior_authorizations record exists with final status (approved, denied, or under_review)
  • If approved, auth number linked to encounter and available for claims
  • If denied, physician notified and appeal workflow available
  • All submissions and responses stored for audit

SLA and Timing

Step Target Time Escalation Measurement Source
Coverage rule check (auth required?) < 2 seconds N/A (system lookup) Application logs
Draft auth record creation < 1 second N/A prior_authorizations.created_at
Specialist reviews and attaches documentation < 4 business hours from order Supervisor notified at 2 hours; auto-escalate at 4 hours prior_authorizations.created_at vs first prior_auth_requests.submission_datetime
Electronic auth submission to payer < 5 seconds (network + submission) Alert IT if average > 10 seconds Submission timestamp in prior_auth_requests
Payer synchronous response (if applicable) < 30 seconds Timeout and queue for async follow-up Response timestamp in prior_auth_requests
Payer async response turnaround < 2 business days (per DHA/DOH guidelines) Auth Specialist follows up at 1 business day; escalate to Supervisor at 2 business days prior_auth_requests.response_datetime - submission_datetime
Peer-to-peer review scheduling Within 1 business day of request Supervisor escalation if not scheduled prior_auth_requests.peer_review_scheduled timestamp
Total end-to-end (submission to final decision) < 3 business days RCM Director notified if > 5 business days prior_authorizations status change timestamps

State Transition Diagram

The prior authorization manages a distinct lifecycle from identification through resolution.

stateDiagram-v2 [*] --> AuthRequired : Coverage rules indicate auth needed AuthRequired --> PendingSubmission : Draft auth record created PendingSubmission --> Submitted : Specialist submits to payer Submitted --> Approved : Payer approves (immediate) Submitted --> Denied : Payer denies (immediate) Submitted --> UnderReview : Payer pends for review UnderReview --> PeerReviewRequested : Payer requests peer-to-peer PeerReviewRequested --> UnderReview : Peer review completed, awaiting decision UnderReview --> Approved : Payer approves after review UnderReview --> Denied : Payer denies after review Denied --> AppealSubmitted : Physician appeals denial AppealSubmitted --> UnderReview : Appeal under payer review Approved --> Expired : Validity period passes Approved --> [*] Denied --> [*] Expired --> [*]

WF-PAC-003: Referral Management

Process Flow

Actor: Registration Clerk, Referring Physician, Specialist
Trigger: Patient needs referral for specialist consultation or facility-to-facility service, and payer requires referral per plan rules
Pre-conditions:

  • Patient and referring provider exist in patients and providers
  • Specialist provider exists or is created as external provider record
  • Payer and plan known; coverage rules indicate whether referral is required
  • Relevant clinical indication (ICD-10-AM) available from EHR
  1. Referring Physician creates a referral order in CPOE or provides an external referral letter; system captures key details (reason, target specialty, urgency).
  2. System checks coverage_rules for the patient’s payer/plan to determine if a referral is required for the requested specialist/service.
  3. Decision: Is referral required by payer? - No → system records “referral not required” and may still create an internal referral for coordination; workflow ends.
    - Yes → proceed to step 4.
  4. Registration Clerk or Physician opens the Referral Management screen (SCR-PAC-004) and initiates a new referral.
  5. System pre-populates patient, referring provider, suspected specialist provider (or specialty), payer, and ICD-10-AM code; user selects specific specialist provider if not already specified.
  6. Clerk enters service_type (from Referral Type Codes master data), authorized_visits requested, and proposed valid_from / valid_to dates.
  7. System creates a referrals record with status = 'pending_submission', authorized_visits, used_visits = 0.
  8. If payer requires referral submission (often embedded in prior auth), system either:
    - Submits referral details as part of prior auth (integration with WF-PAC-002), or
    - Sends a standalone referral notification via payer portal/API if supported.
  9. System updates referrals.status based on payer response: approved, denied, or under_review; stores referral_number if provided.
  10. System notifies patient and specialist (via SMS/email/portal) of referral approval and shares key details (visits authorized, expiry date) in line with NABIDH/Malaffi policies.
  11. At each specialist visit check-in, system checks for active referral: status = 'approved', within validity dates, and used_visits < authorized_visits.
  12. Decision: Is there an active referral with remaining visits?
    • Yes → increment used_visits and allow visit; update referral record.
    • No → flag “referral missing/expired” and prompt for new referral or payer exception.
  13. System generates alerts when valid_to is approaching or used_visits is close to authorized_visits to allow proactive renewal.

Data Modified:

  • referrals — INSERT (new referral), UPDATE (status, referral_number, used_visits, validity dates)
  • appointments / encounters (scheduling) — UPDATE (referral linkage, referral status flags)

Mermaid Flowchart

flowchart TD A["Physician creates referral order / letter"] --> B["Check coverage_rules for referral requirement"] B --> C{"Referral required by payer?"} C -->|"No"| C1["Record internal referral only"] --> Z["End"] C -->|"Yes"| D["Open Referral Management screen"] D --> E["Pre-populate patient & provider details"] E --> F["Enter service_type, visits, validity dates"] F --> G["Create referrals record (pending_submission)"] G --> H["Submit referral (standalone or via prior auth)"] H --> I["Receive payer response"] I --> J["Update status to approved/denied/under_review"] J --> K["Notify patient & specialist"] K --> L["Specialist visit check-in"] L --> M{"Active referral with remaining visits?"} M -->|"Yes"| N["Increment used_visits, allow visit"] M -->|"No"| O["Flag missing/expired referral, request new"] N --> Z O --> Z

Decision Points

  1. Referral required by payer?
    - Based on payer rules; some plans require referrals only for out-of-network or certain specialties.
  2. Active referral with remaining visits?
    - If not, system blocks or warns at check-in depending on facility policy.
  3. Referral handled standalone vs embedded in prior auth?
    - Some payers treat referral as part of auth; system must follow payer-specific configuration.

Integration Points

Target Module / System Direction Data Exchanged Protocol / ID
cpoe Inbound Referral orders (reason, target specialty, ICD-10-AM) INT-PAC-007
policy-contract-mgmt Read-only Referral requirements per payer/plan/service INT-PAC-006
scheduling Bi-dir Referral linkage to appointments, check-in validation Internal API
billing-claims Outbound Referral numbers for claims where required INT-PAC-005
Patient Portal Outbound Referral details and status for patient view INT-PAC-008

Exception Handling

  • Specialist not yet in provider master:
  • System allows creation of external provider record with minimal required data; flags for credentialing follow-up.
  • Payer denies referral:
  • System records denial reason; notifies Physician; allows documentation of appeal or alternative plan.
  • Referral expired mid-treatment:
  • System alerts specialist office and patient; new referral workflow can be initiated.
  • Data privacy:
  • For sensitive referrals (e.g., mental health), system may restrict visibility to authorised roles only per UAE PDPL and facility policy.

Paperless Transformation

Previously Paper-Based Now Digital In-System Notes
Paper referral forms handed to patients Electronic referral records in referrals with portal access Reduces lost referrals
Faxed referral letters between clinics Secure electronic notifications and shared referral details Faster coordination
Manual tick sheets tracking visits used vs authorised Automated used_visits counter and alerts in HIS Prevents overuse and denials
Paper files with referral approvals Digital referral numbers and statuses linked to encounters and claims Improves auditability

Remaining Paper Touchpoints: External referring providers may still send paper letters; these can be scanned and attached.

Inputs and Outputs

Inputs:

Source Data Element Format
cpoe Referral order (reason, target specialty, ICD-10-AM, urgency) INT-PAC-007 / Internal API
policy-contract-mgmt Referral requirements per payer/plan/service INT-PAC-006
ehr-patient-mgmt Patient demographics, referring provider details Internal API
scheduling Specialist provider list, appointment availability Internal API
Payer (eClaimLink / DOH / portal) Referral approval/denial response, referral number REST API / manual portal entry
User (Registration Clerk / Physician) Service type, authorized visits, validity dates UI form input (SCR-PAC-004)
Master Data Referral Type Codes, payer referral configuration referral_type_codes, payer config tables

Outputs:

Destination Data Element Format
referrals Referral record (status, referral_number, authorized/used visits, validity) DB INSERT/UPDATE
scheduling (appointments) Referral linkage, referral status flags for check-in Internal API
billing-claims Referral numbers for claims submission INT-PAC-005
patient-portal Referral details and status for patient view INT-PAC-008 (FHIR)
Patient / Specialist Referral approval notification (SMS/email/portal) Notification service

Post-conditions:

  • referrals record exists with status (approved, denied, or under_review)
  • If approved, referral linked to relevant appointments and available for claims
  • Visit counter (used_visits) initialized and tracked at each specialist check-in
  • Expiry alerts configured for proactive renewal

SLA and Timing

Step Target Time Escalation Measurement Source
Coverage rule check (referral required?) < 2 seconds N/A (system lookup) Application logs
Referral record creation < 1 second N/A referrals.created_at
Submission to payer (electronic) < 5 seconds Alert IT if > 10 seconds Submission timestamp
Payer referral decision < 2 business days Auth Specialist follows up at 1 business day Response timestamp vs submission
Patient/specialist notification < 15 minutes after approval Auto-send; alert if queued > 30 minutes Notification delivery timestamp
Check-in referral validation < 2 seconds N/A (system lookup) Application logs
Referral expiry alert generation 7 days before valid_to Auto-alert; escalate if no action within 3 days Alert creation timestamp

WF-PAC-004: Patient Cost Estimation

Process Flow

Actor: Financial Counselor, Registration Clerk
Trigger: Patient requests cost estimate or is scheduled for high-cost procedure (e.g., surgery, MRI)
Pre-conditions:

  • Patient and planned services known (from scheduling or CPOE orders)
  • Payer and plan identified; recent eligibility check available or in progress
  • Contracted fee schedules and coverage rules available from policy-contract-mgmt
  • Patient informed that estimate is not a guarantee of payment (per payer and facility policy)
  1. Financial Counselor opens the Cost Estimator screen (SCR-PAC-005) for a specific patient and upcoming encounter.
  2. System retrieves planned services (CPT codes) from scheduling/CPOE and displays them in the estimator.
  3. System fetches contracted rates for each CPT from policy-contract-mgmt (fee schedules) based on payer, plan, and facility.
  4. System retrieves latest eligibility_responses for the patient’s payer/plan to determine deductible remaining, co-pay, coinsurance, and annual max remaining.
  5. Counselor can add or remove planned services (e.g., additional anaesthesia, implants) and adjust quantities.
  6. System calculates estimated_charges (sum of contracted rates) and applies coverage logic to compute:
    - estimated_payer_payment
    - estimated_patient_responsibility
    - Breakdown: deductible applied, co-pay, coinsurance.
  7. System creates or updates a cost_estimates record with all calculated fields, estimate_datetime, valid_until (e.g., 30 days), and links to patient_id, encounter_id, payer_id.
  8. Counselor reviews the estimate with the patient, using bilingual EN/AR display; system can generate a patient-friendly PDF or portal view.
  9. Patient acknowledges the estimate verbally or electronically; system records acknowledged_by_patient (boolean) and user/time of acknowledgment.
  10. Decision: Does patient request a payment plan or financial assistance?
    • No → workflow ends with estimate stored.
    • Yes → system creates a task or direct link to Financial Counseling workflow (WF-PAC-005).
  11. If services change before procedure (e.g., additional CPTs added), system detects changes and recalculates the estimate, creating a new version in cost_estimates or updating existing record with versioning.

Data Modified:

  • cost_estimates — INSERT (new estimate), UPDATE (recalculation, acknowledgment, validity)
  • financial_counseling_records — INSERT (if counseling triggered)

Mermaid Flowchart

flowchart TD A["Open Cost Estimator for patient"] --> B["Load planned CPT codes & payer"] B --> C["Fetch contracted rates from Policy & Contracts"] C --> D["Retrieve latest eligibility & benefits"] D --> E["Counselor adjusts services/quantities"] E --> F["Calculate charges & patient responsibility"] F --> G["Create/Update cost_estimates record"] G --> H["Present bilingual estimate to patient"] H --> I["Record patient acknowledgment"] I --> J{"Patient requests payment plan/assistance?"} J -->|"No"| Z["End"] J -->|"Yes"| K["Create task / link to Financial Counseling"] K --> Z

Decision Points

  1. Use existing eligibility vs require new check?
    - If last eligibility is older than facility threshold (e.g., 30 days), system may prompt to re-verify before estimating.
  2. Patient requests payment plan/assistance?
    - If yes, triggers WF-PAC-005.
  3. Services changed after estimate?
    - If yes, system recalculates and flags prior estimate as superseded.

Integration Points

Target Module / System Direction Data Exchanged Protocol / ID
scheduling Read-only Planned procedures and appointments INT-PAC-004
cpoe Read-only Ordered services (CPT, ICD-10-AM) Internal API
policy-contract-mgmt Read-only Fee schedules, contracted rates, coverage rules Internal API
billing-claims Outbound Estimated patient responsibility for pre-collection planning INT-PAC-005
Patient Portal Outbound Cost estimate summary for patient view INT-PAC-008

Exception Handling

  • Missing fee schedule for CPT:
  • System flags missing configuration; Counselor can enter a manual estimate with reason; record flagged for finance follow-up.
  • Outdated eligibility data:
  • System warns user and suggests running eligibility verification; user can proceed with disclaimer.
  • Patient disputes estimate:
  • Counselor can add notes in cost_estimates and adjust assumptions (e.g., out-of-network vs in-network) with clear documentation.

Paperless Transformation

Previously Paper-Based Now Digital In-System Notes
Verbal cost quotes with no documentation Structured cost_estimates records with full breakdown Improves transparency and reduces disputes
Manual price lookups from printed fee schedules Automated retrieval of contracted rates from master data Reduces errors and staff time
Paper cost estimate forms signed by patients Electronic acknowledgment stored in HIS, printable if needed Better audit trail
Separate paper notes for assumptions and caveats Structured notes and versioning within cost_estimates Supports KPI “Cost Estimate Accuracy”

Remaining Paper Touchpoints: Patient may request printed estimate; otherwise digital via portal or email.

Inputs and Outputs

Inputs:

Source Data Element Format
scheduling / cpoe Planned services (CPT codes, quantities, encounter context) INT-PAC-004 / Internal API
policy-contract-mgmt Contracted rates (fee schedules), coverage rules Internal API
eligibility_responses Latest benefits (deductible remaining, copay, coinsurance, annual max) DB read / Internal API
ehr-patient-mgmt Patient demographics and insurance details Internal API
User (Financial Counselor) Service adjustments, quantity changes, assumptions UI form input (SCR-PAC-005)

Outputs:

Destination Data Element Format
cost_estimates Estimate record (charges, payer payment, patient responsibility, breakdown, validity) DB INSERT/UPDATE
billing-claims Estimated patient responsibility for pre-collection planning INT-PAC-005
patient-portal Cost estimate summary for patient view INT-PAC-008 (FHIR)
Patient Bilingual EN/AR estimate (screen display, PDF, portal) UI + PDF generation
financial_counseling_records Counseling task (if patient requests payment plan/assistance) DB INSERT (triggers WF-PAC-005)

Post-conditions:

  • cost_estimates record exists with all calculated fields and validity period
  • Patient acknowledgment recorded (if obtained)
  • If services change, estimate is recalculated and versioned
  • If patient requests assistance, financial counseling task created

SLA and Timing

Step Target Time Escalation Measurement Source
Load planned services and payer data < 3 seconds N/A (system performance) Application logs
Fetch contracted rates from Policy & Contracts < 2 seconds Alert IT if > 5 seconds API response time
Retrieve latest eligibility benefits < 2 seconds N/A DB query time
Calculate charges and patient responsibility < 1 second N/A Application logs
Present estimate to patient < 5 minutes (counselor review and explanation) N/A (counselor-paced) cost_estimates.estimate_datetime
Total end-to-end (screen open to estimate stored) < 2 minutes (system time, excluding counselor review) N/A cost_estimates timestamps
Recalculation on service change < 5 seconds after change detected N/A Application logs
Estimate validity period 30 days from creation (configurable) Alert if services scheduled beyond validity cost_estimates.valid_until

WF-PAC-005: Financial Counseling

Process Flow

Actor: Financial Counselor
Trigger: Patient identified as self-pay, high estimated out-of-pocket (OOP), uninsured, underinsured, or referred from eligibility/cost estimation workflows
Pre-conditions:

  • Patient account and outstanding balances available from billing-claims
  • Cost estimate or existing high balance identified
  • Facility financial assistance policies and Financial Assistance Programs master data configured
  • Patient consent to discuss financial details recorded per UAE PDPL
  1. Financial Counselor opens the Financial Counseling screen (SCR-PAC-006) for a specific patient.
  2. System retrieves patient’s financial history: outstanding balances, previous payment plans, prior charity applications from billing-claims and financial_counseling_records.
  3. System displays recent cost_estimates and upcoming high-cost procedures, if any.
  4. Counselor reviews patient’s situation with them (employment status, income range, dependents, residency status) and records summary in patient_situation.
  5. System suggests applicable options based on Financial Assistance Programs and Payment Plan Templates (e.g., 6-month instalment, 12-month instalment).
  6. Counselor presents options: payment plan, upfront discount per facility policy, charity care application, government assistance (e.g., local emirate support schemes).
  7. Decision: Which option(s) does the patient choose? - Payment plan → step 8.
    - Charity care → step 9.
    - Immediate full payment or no arrangement → step 10.
  8. For payment plan: Counselor configures payment_plan_setup (amount, instalments, due dates) using template; system creates or references a payment_plan_id in billing system and links it in financial_counseling_records.
  9. For charity care: Counselor initiates charity_application_id (in billing/finance module), uploads required documents, and records status; system links it in financial_counseling_records.
  10. Counselor documents options_presented and patient_decision (e.g., “Accepted 12-month plan”, “Declined assistance”).
  11. System creates a financial_counseling_records entry with session_datetime, counseling_type, notes, and links to any payment plan or charity application.
  12. If electronic signature is supported, patient signs digitally on tablet; system stores signature reference and marks agreement as accepted.
  13. System notifies billing-claims of new arrangements for account handling and collections strategy.

Data Modified:

  • financial_counseling_records — INSERT (each counseling session)
  • Payment plan / charity tables (in billing-claims) — INSERT/UPDATE (via integration)

Mermaid Flowchart

flowchart TD A["Open Financial Counseling screen"] --> B["Load financial history & estimates"] B --> C["Review patient situation & record details"] C --> D["System suggests assistance options"] D --> E["Present options to patient"] E --> F{"Patient chooses option(s)?"} F -->|"Payment plan"| G["Configure payment plan & create payment_plan_id"] F -->|"Charity care"| H["Initiate charity application & capture docs"] F -->|"Pay in full / none"| I["Record no arrangement or full payment"] G --> J["Document options_presented & patient_decision"] H --> J I --> J J --> K["Create financial_counseling_records entry"] K --> L["Capture digital signature if available"] L --> M["Notify Billing of arrangements"] M --> Z["End"]

Decision Points

  1. Eligibility for assistance programs?
    - System can pre-screen based on income/residency criteria; Counselor confirms.
  2. Patient chooses payment plan vs charity vs no arrangement?
    - Determines downstream billing strategy.
  3. Digital signature available?
    - If not, Counselor may record verbal agreement and follow facility policy.

Integration Points

Target Module / System Direction Data Exchanged Protocol / ID
billing-claims Bi-dir Account balances, payment plans, charity applications, updates INT-PAC-005
Patient Portal Outbound Summary of financial arrangements, payment plan schedule FHIR / internal
ehr-patient-mgmt Read-only Demographics, contact details Internal API

Exception Handling

  • Incomplete financial information:
  • Counselor can proceed with partial data but must record limitations; system flags record as “provisional”.
  • Patient declines to share financial details:
  • Counselor records refusal; system marks as “no counseling” and informs billing to follow standard collections.
  • Assistance program rules change:
  • Master data update required; system should not allow use of expired templates.

Paperless Transformation

Previously Paper-Based Now Digital In-System Notes
Paper financial hardship applications Electronic capture of applications and supporting documents Easier tracking and reporting
Handwritten payment plan agreements Structured payment plans linked to billing system Clear terms, automated reminders
Paper counseling notes stored in physical files financial_counseling_records with searchable notes Supports audits and quality review
Manual phone logs for follow-up Task and reminder system integrated with HIS and portal Better follow-through

Remaining Paper Touchpoints: Some government assistance programs may still require paper forms; these can be scanned and referenced.

Inputs and Outputs

Inputs:

Source Data Element Format
billing-claims Patient account balances, payment history, outstanding amounts INT-PAC-005 / Internal API
cost_estimates Recent cost estimates for upcoming procedures DB read
ehr-patient-mgmt Patient demographics, contact details Internal API
Master Data Financial Assistance Programs, Payment Plan Templates Configuration tables
User (Financial Counselor) Patient situation (employment, income range, dependents, residency) UI form input (SCR-PAC-006)
Patient Financial details, option selection, digital signature UI / tablet input

Outputs:

Destination Data Element Format
financial_counseling_records Session record (type, notes, options presented, patient decision, signature) DB INSERT
billing-claims (payment plans) Payment plan setup (amount, instalments, due dates) INT-PAC-005 / Internal API
billing-claims (charity) Charity care application (documents, status) INT-PAC-005 / Internal API
patient-portal Summary of financial arrangements, payment plan schedule FHIR / Internal API
Patient Digital or printed agreement summary UI + optional PDF

Post-conditions:

  • financial_counseling_records entry exists with session details
  • If payment plan accepted, plan created in billing system and linked
  • If charity care initiated, application tracked with document references
  • Billing notified of new arrangements for account handling

SLA and Timing

Step Target Time Escalation Measurement Source
Load financial history and estimates < 3 seconds N/A (system performance) Application logs
Counselor reviews patient situation 10-30 minutes (counselor-paced) N/A financial_counseling_records.session_datetime
System suggests assistance options < 2 seconds N/A Application logs
Payment plan creation in billing < 5 seconds Alert IT if > 15 seconds API response time
Charity care application initiation < 5 seconds N/A Application logs
Digital signature capture < 2 minutes (patient-paced) N/A Signature timestamp
Billing notification of arrangements < 30 seconds (async) Alert if not confirmed within 5 minutes Integration event timestamp
Total counseling session 15-45 minutes N/A (patient-driven) Session start/end timestamps

WF-PAC-006: Pre-Registration

Process Flow

Actor: Registration Clerk, Patient (via Portal), System
Trigger: Appointment booked, scheduled procedure, or patient-initiated online pre-registration
Pre-conditions:

  • Appointment exists in appointments (scheduling) with date/time and visit type
  • Patient has contact details (mobile/email) in ehr-patient-mgmt
  • Pre-registration question sets configured per visit type
  • Patient portal account available or invitation process in place
  • Consent and privacy notices aligned with UAE PDPL presented in portal
  1. When an appointment is created or updated, system evaluates visit type and lead time to determine if pre-registration is applicable.
  2. System creates a pre_registration_records entry with status = 'invited', links to patient_id and appointment_id, and sets invitation_sent_datetime.
  3. System sends pre-registration invitation via SMS/email with secure link to Patient Portal (INT-PAC-008) and/or notifies Registration Clerk to perform phone-based pre-registration if patient has no portal access.
  4. Patient logs into portal and opens pre-registration; system presents configured Pre-Registration Question Sets (demographics, insurance, consents) in EN/AR.
  5. Patient updates demographics (address, phone, emergency contacts) and uploads insurance card images; system writes changes to ehr-patient-mgmt via internal APIs and marks demographics_complete = true when required fields are filled.
  6. Patient enters insurance details; system triggers an automatic eligibility check (WF-PAC-001) and, upon success, sets insurance_verified = true in pre_registration_records.
  7. System checks coverage rules for scheduled services to identify any prior auth or referral requirements; if all required items are present and valid, sets auth_verified = true.
  8. Patient reviews and electronically signs consent forms (treatment, data processing per UAE PDPL, NABIDH/Malaffi data sharing where applicable); system records consent_obtained = true and stores consent artifacts in EHR.
  9. Decision: Are all pre-registration components complete (demographics, insurance, auth/referral, consents)? - Yes → system sets status = 'complete' and completed_datetime in pre_registration_records.
    - No → system sets status = 'in_progress' and lists incomplete items.
  10. For patients unable to use portal, Registration Clerk uses phone or in-person call to complete the same fields via SCR-PAC-007; system updates pre_registration_records accordingly.
  11. On day of service, check-in screen shows pre-registration status; if complete, clerk can perform expedited check-in with minimal verification.
  12. System tracks pre-registration completion rate for KPI reporting.

Data Modified:

  • pre_registration_records — INSERT (new record), UPDATE (status, flags, timestamps)
  • patients / patient_demographics / patient_identifiers (ehr-patient-mgmt) — UPDATE (demographics, insurance)
  • eligibility_checks / eligibility_responses — INSERT (auto eligibility)

Mermaid Flowchart

flowchart TD A["Appointment booked"] --> B["Evaluate pre-reg eligibility"] B --> C["Create pre_registration_records (status=invited)"] C --> D["Send SMS/email portal invitation"] D --> E{"Patient uses portal?"} E -->|"Yes"| F["Patient completes forms & uploads insurance"] E -->|"No"| G["Clerk performs phone-based pre-reg"] F --> H["Update demographics & insurance in EHR"] G --> H H --> I["Run auto eligibility check"] I --> J["Check auth/referral requirements"] J --> K["Capture electronic consents"] K --> L{"All components complete?"} L -->|"Yes"| M["Set status=complete, record completed_datetime"] L -->|"No"| N["Set status=in_progress, list incomplete items"] M --> O["Display pre-reg complete at check-in"] N --> O O --> Z["End"]

Decision Points

  1. Pre-registration applicable?
    - Based on visit type (e.g., elective vs emergency) and time until appointment.
  2. Patient uses portal vs clerk-assisted?
    - Determines whether data entry is patient-driven or staff-driven.
  3. All components complete?
    - Drives status and check-in workflow.

Integration Points

Target Module / System Direction Data Exchanged Protocol / ID
scheduling Bi-dir Appointment details, pre-reg status for dashboard INT-PAC-004
ehr-patient-mgmt Bi-dir Demographics, insurance, consents Internal API
patient-portal Bi-dir Pre-reg forms, cost estimates, consents INT-PAC-008 (FHIR)
billing-claims Outbound Pre-reg completion and eligibility status for financial clearance INT-PAC-005

Exception Handling

  • Patient does not respond to invitation:
  • System flags appointment in Pre-Registration Dashboard (SCR-PAC-007) for clerk follow-up; reminder SMS/email may be sent.
  • Eligibility or auth cannot be completed before visit:
  • System flags encounter as not fully financially cleared; supervisor can override or reschedule per policy.
  • Data conflicts with existing records (e.g., different Emirates ID):
  • System prompts for manual review and may require identity verification at check-in.

Paperless Transformation

Previously Paper-Based Now Digital In-System Notes
Paper pre-admission packets mailed to patients Online pre-registration via portal with structured forms Faster, lower postage costs
Manual phone questionnaires recorded on paper Electronic data entry by clerks with direct write to EHR Reduces transcription errors
Wet signatures on consent forms stored in paper charts Electronic consents stored in EHR with timestamps Easier retrieval and audit
Paper copies of insurance cards Digital uploads linked to patient record No physical storage needed

Remaining Paper Touchpoints: Patients without digital access may still sign paper consents at check-in; these can be scanned into the system.

Inputs and Outputs

Inputs:

Source Data Element Format
scheduling Appointment details (date, time, visit type, provider, department) INT-PAC-004 / Internal API
ehr-patient-mgmt Current patient demographics, insurance, contact info Internal API
policy-contract-mgmt Coverage rules for scheduled services (auth/referral requirements) INT-PAC-006
patient-portal Completed pre-registration forms, updated demographics, insurance uploads, signed consents INT-PAC-008 (FHIR)
Master Data Pre-Registration Question Sets per visit type Configuration tables
User (Registration Clerk) Phone-based pre-reg data entry (for patients without portal access) UI form input (SCR-PAC-007)
Patient Demographics updates, insurance card images, consent signatures Portal / phone

Outputs:

Destination Data Element Format
pre_registration_records Pre-reg record (status, flags, timestamps) DB INSERT/UPDATE
ehr-patient-mgmt (patients, demographics) Updated demographics, insurance, consents Internal API
eligibility_checks / eligibility_responses Auto-triggered eligibility verification results DB INSERT (via WF-PAC-001)
scheduling Pre-registration status for check-in dashboard Internal API
billing-claims Pre-reg completion and eligibility status for financial clearance INT-PAC-005
Patient Pre-registration invitation (SMS/email with secure link) Notification service

Post-conditions:

  • pre_registration_records exists with status (invited, in_progress, or complete)
  • If complete, all components verified: demographics, insurance, eligibility, auth/referral, consents
  • Day-of-service check-in is expedited for patients with complete pre-registration
  • Pre-registration completion rate tracked for KPI reporting

SLA and Timing

Step Target Time Escalation Measurement Source
Pre-reg record creation after appointment booking < 1 minute N/A (automated) pre_registration_records.created_at vs appointments.created_at
Invitation sent (SMS/email) < 5 minutes after record creation Alert if queued > 15 minutes pre_registration_records.invitation_sent_datetime
Patient completes pre-registration (portal) < 72 hours before appointment Reminder at 48 hours; clerk follow-up at 24 hours pre_registration_records.completed_datetime
Clerk phone-based pre-reg completion < 15 minutes per patient N/A (staff-paced) Session duration
Auto eligibility check trigger < 30 seconds after insurance data saved Alert if delayed > 5 minutes eligibility_checks.check_datetime
Auth/referral requirements check < 5 seconds N/A (system lookup) Application logs
Pre-reg status sync to scheduling < 30 seconds Alert if sync delayed > 5 minutes Integration event timestamp
Check-in with complete pre-reg < 3 minutes (vs 10-15 minutes without) N/A Check-in duration metric

State Transition Diagram

The pre-registration record manages a distinct lifecycle from invitation through check-in.

stateDiagram-v2 [*] --> Invited : Appointment booked, invitation sent Invited --> InProgress : Patient or clerk begins data entry Invited --> NoResponse : No activity within 48 hours NoResponse --> Invited : Reminder sent NoResponse --> ClerkAssisted : Clerk initiates phone pre-reg ClerkAssisted --> InProgress : Clerk enters data InProgress --> Complete : All components verified (demographics, insurance, eligibility, auth, consents) InProgress --> InProgress : Partial completion (additional items needed) Complete --> ExpediteCheckIn : Day of service — fast-track check-in InProgress --> IncompleteAtCheckIn : Day of service — some items missing IncompleteAtCheckIn --> ExpediteCheckIn : Missing items resolved at desk ExpediteCheckIn --> [*] IncompleteAtCheckIn --> [*]
content/rcm/patient-access/01-workflows.md Generated 2026-02-20 22:54